Seth Curry was born in Charlotte where his father spent a majority of his NBA career. He was a three-year starter at Charlotte Christian School, helping the Knights go 104-25 during that span.

As a sophomore, Curry helped Charlotte Christian School reach the state finals. As a senior, he averaged 22. 3 points, five rebounds, and five assists per game, earning him all-state honors. 

Despite his father being a former NBA player and his brother Stephen being a standout at Davidson at the time, few major college basketball programs noticed Seth Curry. He received either two or three stars from most recruiting services. Ultimately, he chose to attend Liberty University, where he broke the Big South single-season scoring record for freshmen and led all freshmen nationally in scoring with 20.2 points per game. 

After an exceptional freshman campaign with the Flames, Curry transferred to Duke. He sat out the 2009-10 season, watching the Blue Devils win the national championship from the bench. However, Curry became a starter early in his sophomore season after Kyrie Irving suffered a season-ending injury. He helped Duke finish the season 32-5 and reach the Sweet 16.

As a junior, Curry became a more prominent member of the Blue Devils, earning Third-Team All-ACC honors after averaging 13.2 points per game. During his senior season, Curry increased his production to 17.5 points per game, making nearly 44% of his perimeter shots. He was named First-Team All-ACC and helped the Blue Devils reach the Elite Eight.

After going undrafted in the 2013 NBA Draft, Seth Curry signed with the Golden State Warriors, reuniting him with his brother Stephen. However, Seth was waived after six preseason games and joined the Santa Cruz Warriors of the G League. In January, Curry made his NBA debut with the Memphis Grizzlies but was waived immediately after the game. He also made one appearance for the Cleveland Cavaliers during his rookie season after signing a 10-day contract with the team. However, he spent most of that season with the Santa Cruz Warriors, averaging 19.7 points per game.

Seth Curry began the 2014-15 season with the Erie BayHawks, the affiliate of the Orlando Magic who acquired him in a trade with Santa Cruz. He averaged 23.8 points per game in 43 games with the BayHawks that season. In March, he signed a 10-day contract with the Phoenix Suns, making two appearances during those 10 days.

In the summer of 2015, Curry signed a two-year, $2 million deal with the Sacramento Kings. He played in 44 games for the Kings, including nine starts, during the 2015-16 season. However, he declined his player option for the next season, making him a free agent. Curry signed with the Dallas Mavericks in July 2016, making 70 appearances, including 42 starts, for Dallas during the 2016-17 season, averaging 12.8 points per game. Unfortunately, Curry suffered a stress fracture in his left tibia in October 2017, causing him to miss the entire 2017-18 season.

As a free agent during the summer of 2018, Curry signed a two-year contract with the Portland Trail Blazers. He averaged 7.9 points for Portland during the 2018-19 season, primarily coming off the bench but helping the Trail Blazers reach the Western Conference Finals. As he did earlier in his career, Curry declined the second-year option on his contract to return to the free-agent market.

In June 2019, he signed a four-year deal to return to the Dallas Mavericks.